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A meeting of the Unesco World Heritage Committee, held in Riyadh, caused a diplomatic stir when it voted to include the pre-historic site of Tell Es Sultan near Jericho as a World Heritage Site in Palestine. Israel objected to the decision. 

Iran's Foreign Ministry have reportedly developed a network of academics and foreign policy advisers in the west who worked for high-profile thinktanks and as aides to senior United States officials.

Sharjah Ruler Sheikh Sultan Bin Mohammad Al-Qasimi visited Muscat for a two-day official visit – the second Emirati ruler to make the journey in recent months, following a visit by Ras Al-Khaimah Ruler Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr Al-Qasimi in June.

Fresh fighting over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region in September has left Azerbaijan empowered and it could now try to realise long-held ambitions to create a land route through Armenia to its Nakhichevan exclave. For Iran, this could mean a de facto end to its own border with Armenia and a sometimes-hostile neighbour stretching across its northwest frontier.

An inquiry into alleged corruption at the European Parliament involving Qatari cash and other gifts has been delayed after a Belgian court ruled that an investigation should first be carried out into the way prosecutors handled the case. 

There was speculation that during his five-day private visit to Oman, Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman (MBS) may have crossed the border into Yemen. 

Iraq's Constitutional Court ruled early September that a maritime border agreement between Kuwait and its northern neighbour was annulled for being 'unconstitutional'. The dispute highlights the fragile Kuwaiti position in a changing region and the reduced status of its foreign policy. 

China's first consul general in Bandar Abbas, Xu Wei, has taken up his post following the opening of the Iranian port city outpost in December. It is China's first diplomatic presence outside Tehran.  The consulate will cover provinces across southern Iran. 

European officials acknowledged that Swedish national Johan Floderus had been held in detention in Iran for more than 500 days. Floderus is a Swedish national but had been working as a programme officer for the EU delegation to Afghanistan, based in Brussels.

Saudi Arabia's ambassador to Iran Abdullah Bin Saud Al-Anzi arrived in Tehran on 5 September to assume his official duties. On the same day, his Iranian counterpart Alireza Enayati arrived in Riyadh to start his work there.

Israeli foreign affairs minister Eli Cohen inaugurated Israel's embassy in Manama early September, during his first visit to Bahrain which came just ahead of the third anniversary of the signing of the Abraham Accords. 

Former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro and his wife Michelle declined to answer questions from federal police about jewellery, watches and other gifts given to them by Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and never declared.

US special envoy for Iran Robert Malley was suspended earlier this year due to concerns about his personal conduct, handling of classified information and use of information technology, according to a leaked letter. 

UAE President Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan (MBZ) visited Ethiopia in August for talks with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The two leaders oversaw the signing of more than a dozen memoranda of understanding and other deals. 

Ras Al-Khaimah Ruler Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr Al-Qasimi held talks with the governor of Oman's Musandam region, Ibrahim Said Al-Busaidi. The talks covered ties between the two regions and followed a visit by Sheikh Saud to Muscat in June.