Saudi Arabia: Foreign nuclear co-operation

United States: In 2008, Saudi Arabia and the US signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to co-operate on developing environmentally sustainable, safe and secure civilian nuclear energy, but negotiations on a so-called 123 agreement have not been concluded. Failure to complete them and have them ratified by the US Senate would prevent US nuclear companies from significant transfers of nuclear material, equipment or components to Saudi Arabia.